Fewer than half (45.6 percent) of full-time African-American workers ages 25 to 64 participated in a retirement plan in 2008, roughly four-fifths the rate of white non-Hispanic workers (56.6 percent). A major reason is that the typical full-time African American worker earned less than the typical full-time white non-Hispanic worker ($31,091versus $41,011 in 2008), and lower-income workers are less likely to be covered. However, according to an analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data by the Employee Benefit Research Institute, African-American workers are less likely to be covered at any given pay level than white workers.